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Publications - 1991 - 2000

2000

Andrade, A. R., Lambert, E. W., & Bickman, L. (2000). Dose effect in child psychotherapy: Outcomes associated with negligible treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39 (2), 161-168.

Bickman, L. (2000). Summing up program theory. New Directions for Evaluation, 87 (Fall), 103-112.

Bickman, L. (2000). Improving Children's Mental Health: How No Effects Can Affect Policy. Report on Emotional & Behavioral Disorders in Youth: Evidence-based Assessment, Interventions for the Real World, 3-4, 21-23.

Bickman, L. (2000). Summing up program theory. In P. Rogers, T. Hacsi, A. Petrosino, & T. Huebner (Eds.), New Directions for Evaluation, 87, 103-112.

Bickman, L., Lambert, E. W., Andrade, A. R., & Penaloza, R. (2000). The Fort Bragg Continuum of Care for Children and Adolescents: Mental Health Outcomes Over 5 Years. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68 (4):710-716.

Bickman, L., Lambert, E.W., & Schilling, S. (2000). Time Patterns of Mental Health Outcomes. Mental Health Services Research.

Bickman, L., Noser, K., & Summerfelt, W. T. (2000). Long term effects of a system of care on children and adolescents. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 26 (2), 185-202.

Bickman, L., Rosof, J., Salzer, M., Summerfelt, W. T., Noser, K., Wilson, S. J., & Karver, M. S. (2000). What information do Clinicians Value for Monitoring Adolescent Client Progress and outcome? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31 (1), 70-74.

Bickman, L., Sapyta, J., Rumberger, D., & Reich, S. (2000). Therapeutic Alliance: Theory, Concept, and Findings. A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Expanding the Research Base, 13th Annual Conference Proceedings, Clearwater Beach, Florida, The Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health.

Breda C., The Organizational Context of Courts' Treatment Referrals for Juvenile Offenders, A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Expanding the Research Base, Liberton, C., Kutash, K., Friedman, R. (Eds.), 157-162, 2000.

Douglas, S. M., Nixon, C. T. & Bickman, L. (2000). Evaluating Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents. In D. Drotar (Ed.), Handbook for Research Methods in Pediatric and Clinical Child Psychology. New York, NY: Plenum Press.

Foster, E. M., & Bickman, L. (2000). "Refining the cost analysis of the Fort Bragg Evaluation: The impact of cost offset and cost shifting." Mental Health Services Research, 2 (1): 13-25.

Heflinger, C.A., & Northrup, D.A. (2000). "What happens when capitated behavioral health comes to town? The transition from the Fort Bragg demonstration to a capitated managed behavioral health contract." Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 27 (4): 390-405.

Hoagwood, K., Horwitz, S., Stiffman, A., Weisz, J., Bean, D., Rae, D., Compton, W., Cottler, L., Bickman, L., & Leaf, P. (2000). Concordance between parent reports of children's mental health services and service records: The Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA). Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9 (3), 315-331.

King, R. D., Gaines, L. S., Lambert, E. W., Summerfelt, W. T., & Bickman, L. (2000). The Co-occurence of Psychiatric and Substance Use Diagnoses in Adolescents at the Fort Bragg Demonstration Project: Frequency, Recognition, Cost and Outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 27 (4), 417-430.

Lambert, W., & Bickman, L. (2000). The clock setting cure: Why people improve after ineffective treatment. A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Expanding the Research Base, 13th Annual Conference Proceedings, Clearwater Beach, Florida, The Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health.

Nixon, C., Northrup, D., Summerfelt, W. T., & Bickman, L. (2000). Mental Health Services Research. In M.H. Ebert, , P.T. Loosen, & B. Nurcombe (Ed.), Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Psychiatry. (pp. 80-94) Appleton & Lange.

Noser, K., & Bickman, L. (2000). Quality Indicators of Children's Mental Health Services: Do they predict improved client outcomes. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8 (1), 9-18.

Nurcombe, B., Wooding, S., Marrington, P., & Bickman, L. (2000). Child sexual abuse II: Treatment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 92-97.

1999

Bickman, L. (1999). The Zero Effects problem. Paper presented at the American Evaluation Association, Orlando, FL.

Bickman, L. (1999). Practice makes perfect and other myths about mental health services. American Psychologist, 54 (11), 965-978.

Bickman, L., & Lambert, E. W. (1999). Integrating the elements. Paper presented at the 5th Annual National Outcomes Conference, Rydges Lakeside, Canbera, Australia.

Bickman, L., & Noser, K. (1999). Meeting the challenges in the delivery of child and adolescent mental health services in the next millennium: The continuous quality improvement approach. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8, 247-255.

Bickman, L., Noser, K., & Summerfelt, W. T. (1999). Long-term effects of a system of care on children and adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Health, 26(2), 185-202.

Breda, C. (1999). Determinants of Juvenile Court Decisions to Use Mental Health Interventions. In C. Liberton, K. Kutash, R. Friedman (Eds.), A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Expanding the Research Base (pp. 267-274).

Brown, Tony N. 1999. Predictors of Racial Label Preference Among African Americans in Detroit: Exploring Trends from 1971 to 1992. Sociological Spectrum 19(4), 421-442.

DeLoache, J. S., & Smith, C. M. (1999). The early understanding and use of symbolic representation. In I. E. Siegal (Ed.), Theoretical perspectives in the development of representational (symbolic) thought (pp. 61-86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Salzer, M. S., Bickman, L., & Lambert, E. W. (1999). Dose-effect relationship in children's psychotherapy services. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67 (2), 228-238.

Salzer, M., & Bickman, L. (1999). The short- and long-term psychological impact of disaster: Implications for mental health interventions and policy. In R. M. Gist & B. Lubin (Eds.), Response to disaster: Psychosocial, community, and ecological approaches (pp. 63-82). New York: Taylor & Francis.

1998

Bickman, L., Heflinger, C. A., Northrup, D., Sonnichsen, S., & Schilling, S. (1998). Long Term Outcomes to Family Caregiver Empowerment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7 (3), 269-282.

Bickman, L., Karver, M. S., Lambert, E. W., & Wighton, L. G. (1998). Diagnosis in Children's Mental Health Services Research. Paper presented at the 11th Annual Research Conference on A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Expanding the Research Base, Tampa, FL.

Bickman, L., Lambert, E. W., Andrade, A. R., Salzer, M. S., & Foster, E. M. (1998). Dose Effect in Children's Mental Health Services (Army report). Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

Bickman, L., Lambert, E.W., Karver, M. S., & Andrade, A. (1998). Two low-cost measures of Child and Adolescent Functioning for Services Research. Evaluation and Program Planning, 21, 263-275.

Bickman, L., Nurcombe, B., Townsend, C. Belle, M., Schut, J., & Karver, M. (1998). Consumer measurement systems and child and adolescent mental health. Canberra, ACT: Department of Health and Family Services.

Bickman, L., & Rog, D. J. (Eds.). (1998). Handbook of applied social research methods. Newbury Park, CA.

Hamner, K., Lambert, E. W., & Bickman, L. (1998). Children's mental health in a continuum of care: Clinical outcomes at 18 months for the Bragg Demonstration. Journal of Mental Health Administration. 24 (4), 465-471.

Heflinger, C. A., & Northrup, D. (1998, February). Final Report of the Transition to Capitated Managed Mental Health Services at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University. $ 20.00 per bound copy.

Heflinger, C. A., & Northrup, D. (1998). Measuring Change in Mental Health Services Coordination under Managed Mental Health Care for Children and Adolescents. In J. P. Morriseey (Ed.), Research in Community Mental Health (Vol 10, Social Networks and Mental Health) (pp. 69-88). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Heflinger, C. A., Northrup, D., Sonnichsen, S., & Brannan, A. M. (1998). Including a family focus in research on community-based services for children with serious emotional disturbance: Experiences from the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project. In M. H. Epstein, K. Kutash, & A. Duchnowski (Eds.), Community-based programming for children with serious emotional disturbance: Research and evaluation (pp. 261-293). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

Kelley, S. D., & Bickman, L. (1998). Children's Post-traumatic Stress Reactions: Issues Related to Assessment, Outcomes, and Service Utilization. (Army Report U. S. Army MEDCOM (DADA10-96-C-0030). Nashville, TN: Center for Mental Health Policy. $ 10.00 per bound copy.

Lambert, E. W., Salzer, M. S., & Bickman, L. (1998) Clinical outcome, consumer satisfaction, and Ad Hoc ratings of Improvement of Children's Mental Health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 (2), 270-279.

Lambert, E. W., Brannan, A. M., Breda, C., Heflinger, C. A., & Bickman, L. (1998) Common Patterns of Service Use in Children's Mental Health. Evaluation and Program Planning, 21 (1), 46-57.

Uttal, D. H., Marzolf, D. P., Pierroutsakos, S.L., Smith, C. M., Troseth, G. L., Scudder, K. V., & DeLoache, J. S. (1998). Seeing through symbols? The development of children's understanding of symbolic relations. In B. Spodek & O. Saracho (Eds.). Multiple Perspectives on Play in early Childhood Education. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Walker, L. S., & Heflinger, C. A. (1998). Quality of life predictors of outcome in pediatric abdominal pain patients: Findings at initial assessment and a 5-year follow-up. In D. Drotar (Ed.). Measuring health-related quality of life in children and adolescents (pp. 237-254). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum.

1997

Bickman, L. (1997). Problems with Mental Health Services in Australia and New Zealand and suggestions for improvement. The Royal Austalian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Bulletin of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2-4.

Bickman, L. (1997). Resolving Issues Raised by the Fort Bragg Evaluation: New Directions for Mental Health Services Research. American Psychologist, 52 (5), 562-565.

Bickman, L., Karver, M., & Schut, L. J. A. (1997). Clinician reliability and accuracy in judging appropriate level of care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65 (3).

Bickman, L., & Salzer, M. S. (1997). Measuring Quality in Mental Health Services. Evaluation Review, 21 (3), 285-291.

Bickman, L., Salzer, M. S., Lambert, E. W., Saunders, R, Summerfelt, W. T., Heflinger, C. A., & Hamner, K. (1997). Rejoinder to Mordock's critique of the Ft. Bragg Evaluation: The sample is generalizable and the outcomes are clear. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 29, 77-91.

Bickman, L., Summerfelt, W. T., Firth, J., & Douglas, S. (1997). The Stark County Evaluation Project: Baseline results of a randomized experiment. In D. Northrup & C. Nixon (Eds.), Evaluating Mental Health Services: How do Programs for Children "Work" in the Real World? (pp. 231-258). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bickman, L., Summerfelt, W., & Noser, K. (1997). Comparative outcomes of emotionally disturbed children and adolescents in a system of services and usual care. Psychiatric Services, 48, 1543-1548.

Brannan, A. M., Heflinger, C. A., & Bickman, L. (1997). The Caregiver Strain Questionnaire: Measuring the impact of living with a child with serious emotional disturbance. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 5 (4) 212-222.

Breda, C. (1997). Reliability of Parent Reports of Service Use In Family-Focused System of Care. In Liberton, C., Kutash, K., Friedman, R. (Eds.), A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Expanding the Research Base, 159-165, 1997.

Breda, C., & Bickman, L. (1997). Termination of Mental Health Services for Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6 (1), 69-87.

Brown, Tony N. (1997). Hate Crimes, Stress, and Bigotry in the Late 20th Century: Where Are We Headed? African American Research Perspectives 3(1), 21-29.

Heflinger, C. A., Bickman, L., Northrup, D., & Sonnichsen, S. (1997). A theory-driven intervention and evaluation to explore family empowerment. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 5 (3) 184-191.

Heflinger, C.A., & Northrup, D. (1997, January). Interim Report of the Implementation Study of the Transition to Managed Mental Health Services at Fort Bragg. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University. $15.00 per bound copy.

Nixon, C. T., & Northrup, D. (Eds.). (1997). Evaluating Mental Health Services: How do programs for children "work" in the real world? Children's mental health services, Vol. III. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Summerfelt, W. T., Salzer, M., & Bickman, L. (1997). Interpreting differential rates of service use: Avoiding myopia. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2 (4), 591-595

1996

Behar, L. B., Bickman, L., Lane, T. W., Schwartz, M., & Brannock, J. E. (1996). Fort Bragg Child and Adolescent Mental Health Demonstration Project. In N. Roberts (Ed.), Model Programs in Child and Family Mental Health (pp. 351-372). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc.

Bickman, L. (1996). Reinterpreting the Fort Bragg Evaluation Findings: The message does not change. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 137-145.

Bickman, L. (Ed.). (1996). Methodological issues in evaluating mental health services. Evaluation and Program Planning, 19 (2), 109-182.

Bickman, L. (1996). A managed continuum of care: More is not always better. American Psychologist, 51 (7), 689-701.

Bickman, L. (1996). Implications for Evaluators from the Fort Bragg Evaluation. Evaluation Practice, 17 (1), 51-67.

Bickman, L. (1996). The evaluation of a children's mental health managed care demonstration. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 7-15.

Bickman, L. (1996). Implications of a children's mental health managed care demonstration evaluation. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 107-117.

Bickman, L. (1996). The application of program theory to a managed mental health care evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 19 (2), 111-119.

Bickman, L., Foster, E. M., & Lambert, E. W. (1996). Who gets hospitalized in a continuum of care? The Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35 (1), 74-80.

Bickman, L, Heflinger, C. A., Lambert, E. W., & Summerfelt, W. T. (1996). The Fort Bragg Managed Care Experiment: Short term impact on psychopathology. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 5 (2), 137-160.

Bickman, L., Lambert, E. W., Summerfelt, W. T., & Heflinger, C. A. (1996). Rejoinder to questions about the Fort Bragg Evaluation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 5 (2), 197-206.

Bickman, L., & Salzer, M. (1996). Dose-Response, Disciplines, and Self-Help: Policy Implications of the Consumer Reports Survey. Paper presented at the 104th annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada.

Bickman, L., Summerfelt, W. T., & Bryant, D. (1996). The quality of services in a children's mental health managed care demonstration. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 30-39.

Bickman, L., Summerfelt, W. T., & Foster, E. M. (1996). Research on system of care: Implications of the Fort Bragg Evaluation. In B. A. Stroul (Ed.) Systems of care for children and adolescents with severe emotional disturbances: Issues for the 1990's (pp. 337-355). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brooks.

Brannan, A. M., Sonnichsen, S., & Heflinger, C. A. (1996). Measuring satisfaction with children's mental health services: Validity and reliability of the satisfaction scales. Evaluation and Program Planning, 19 (2), 131-141.

Breda, C., Delinquency and Mental Illness: The Intersection of Problems and Systems, A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Expanding the Research Base, Liberton, C., Kutash, K., Friedman, R. (Eds.), 207-212, 1996.

Breda, C. (1996). Methodological issues in evaluating mental health outcomes of a children's mental health managed care demonstration. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 40-50.

Breda, C. (1996). Parent and institutional agreement on children's use of mental health services. Evaluation and Program Planning, 19 (2), 165-173.

Bryant, D., & Bickman, L. (1996). Methodology for evaluating mental health case management. Evaluation and Program Planning, 19 (2), 121-129.

Foster, E. M., & Bickman, L. (1996). Attrition from the Fort Bragg Study: Implications for measured effectiveness. Evaluation Review, 20 (6), 695-723.

Foster, E. M., Saunders, R., & Summerfelt, W. T. (1996). A comparison of multiple methods of predicting level of care in mental health services. Evaluation and Program Planning, 19 (2), 143-153.

Foster, E. M., Summerfelt, W. T., & Saunders, R. (1996). The costs of mental health services under the Fort Bragg Demonstration. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 92-106.

Foster, E. M., Summerfelt, W. T., & Bickman, L. (1996, December). The Dynamics of Service Use. Final Report to the US Army MEDCOM contract DA-DA10-96-C-030. $10.00 per bound copy.

Gaines, L., King, R., Lambert, E. W., Summerfelt, W. T., & Bickman, L. (1996, December). The Co-occurrence of Psychiatric and Substance Use Diagnosis: Prevalence, Recognition and Outcomes in CHAMPUS-Related Adolescents. Final Report to the US Army MEDCOM contract DA-DA10-96-C-030. $15.00 per bound copy.

Hamner, K., & Bryant, D. (1996, September). Client Severity and Case Management Activity: A Report on the Fit Between Case Management Theory and Case Management Activity in a Comprehensive System of Care. Final Report to the US Army MEDCOM contract DA-DA10-96-C-0030. $10.00 per bound copy.

Heflinger, C. A. (1996). Implementing a system of care: Findings from the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 16-29.

Heflinger, C. A. (1996). Measuring service system coordination in managed mental health care for children and youth. Evaluation and Program Planning, 19 (2), 155-163.

Heflinger, C. A., & Bickman, L. (1996). Family empowerment: A theoretically driven intervention and evaluation. In C. A. Heflinger & C. Nixon (Eds.), Families and mental health services for children and adolescents (pp. 96-116). Children's Mental Health Services, Vol. II. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Heflinger, C. A., & Nixon, C. T. (Eds.). (1996). Families and the mental health system for children and adolescents: Policy, services, and research. Children's mental health services, Vol. II. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Heflinger, C. A., Nixon, C. T., & Hamner, K. (1996). Handling confidentiality and disclosure in the evaluation of client outcomes in managed mental health services for children and adolescents. Evaluation and Program Planning, 19 (2), 175-182.

Heflinger, C. A., & Simpkins, C. G. (January, 1996). 1995 Clinical Findings regarding children in state custody: Level of Psychosocial Functioning as Measured by the CAFAS. Report prepared for the Tennessee Commission on Children and Youth.

Heflinger, C. A., Sonnichsen, S., & Brannan, A. M. (1996). Parent satisfaction with children's mental health services in a children's mental health managed care demonstration. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 69-79.

Jackson, J. S., Brown, T. N., Williams, D. R., Torres, M., Sellers, S. L., & Brown, K. T. (1996). Perceptions and experiences of racism and the physical and mental health status of African Americans: A thirteen-year national panel study. Ethnicity and Disease, 6, 132-147.

Lambert, E. W., & Guthrie, P. (1996). Clinical outcomes of a children's mental health managed care demonstration. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 51-68.

Lambert, E. W., Nixon, C., Simpkins, C., & Bickman, L. (1996, December). Mental Health Outcomes for Treated Children: Definitions of Improvement, Effects of Severity, and Predicting Clinical Results. Final Report to the US Army MEDCOM contract DA-DA10-96-C-030.

Salzer, M., & Bickman, L. (1996). Delivering effective children's services in the community: Reconsidering the benefits of system interventions. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 6 (1), 1-13.

Summerfelt, W. T., Foster, E. M., & Saunders, R. (1996). Mental health services utilization in a children's mental health managed care demonstration. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23 (1), 80-91.

1995

Bickman, L. (1995). The Fort Bragg Demonstration Project: A managed continuum of care. The Child, Youth, and Family Services Quarterly, 18 (3), 2-5.

Bickman, L., Guthrie, P. R., Foster, E. M., Lambert, E. W., Summerfelt, W. T., Breda, C. S., & Heflinger, C. A. (1995). Evaluating managed mental health services: The Fort Bragg experiment. New York, NY: Plenum.

Bickman, L., & Heflinger, C. A. (1995). Seeking success by reducing implementation and evaluation failures. In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), Children's Mental Health Services: Research, Policy and Innovation (pp. 171-205). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Bickman, L., & Rog, D. J. (Eds.). (1995). Children's mental health services: Research, policy, and innovation. Children's mental health services, Vol. 1. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Heflinger, C. A. (1995). Studying family empowerment and parental involvement in their child's mental health treatment. Focal Point.

Miller, K.F., Smith, C.M., Zhu, J., & Zhang, H. (1995). Preschool origins of cross-national differences in mathematical competence: The role of number naming systems. Psychological Science, 6(1), 56-60.

1994

Bickman, L., Guthrie, P., Foster, E. M., Lambert, E. W., Summerfelt, W. T., Breda, C., & Heflinger, C.A. (1994, September). Final report of the outcome and cost/utilization studies of the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

Bickman, L., Guthrie, P., Foster, E. M., Lambert, E. W., Summerfelt, W. T., Breda, C., & Heflinger, C.A. (1994, September). Final report of the outcome and cost/utilization studies of the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

Heflinger, C. A., Anderson, J., Digby, J., Grubb, C., & Williams, C. (1994). Family Empowerment Project-Curriculum Manual.

Heflinger, C. A., & Simpkins, C. G. (January, 1994). The use of psychiatric hospitals by youth in state care: Tennessee, 1991.

Heflinger, C. A., & Summerfelt, R. (1994). The use of psychiatric hospitals by youth in state custody: Fiscal 1993 and 1994.

Maloy, K. (1994). The Children's Plan-Report to the Annie E. Casey Foundation and the State of Tennessee - Nov. 1994. $25.00 report.

Summerfelt, W. T., & Bickman, L. (1994). Using level of functioning to measure outcome in children's mental health services research. VIPPS Occasional paper.

1993

Bickman, L., Bryant, D., & Summerfelt, W. T. (1993, October). Final report of the quality study of the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

Heflinger, C.A. (1993, September). Final report of the implementation study of the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project, Volume I. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

Heflinger, C.A. (1993, September). Final report of the implementation study of the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project, Volume II: Appendices A-H. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

Heflinger, C.A. (1993, September). Final report of the implementation study of the Fort Bragg Evaluation Project, Volume III: Appendix I. An Interorganizational Network Approach. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

Sokoly, M., Dokecki, P., & Heflinger, C. A. (1993). Parent-professional relationships and empowerment: Developing a framework for understanding. Paper presented at American Psychological Association Annual Meeting. Toronto, Canada.

1992

Bickman, L. (1992). Designing outcome evaluations for children's mental health services: Improving internal validity. In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog. (Eds.), New Directions for Program Evaluation, Vol. 54 (pp. 57-68). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc.

Bickman, L., Heflinger, C. A., Pion, G., & Behar, L. B. (1992). Evaluation planning for an innovative children's mental health system. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 853-865.

Heflinger, C. A. (1992). Client-level outcomes of mental health services for children and adolescents. In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), New Directions for Program Evaluation, Vol. 54 (pp. 31-45). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc.

Rog, D. J. (1992). Child and adolescent mental health services: Evaluation challenges. In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), New Directions for Program Evaluation, Vol. 54 (pp. 5-16). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc.

1991

Bickman, L., Earl, E., & Klindworth, L. (1991). Vanderbilt Mental Health Services Efficacy Questionnaire. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

Heflinger, C. A., Bickman, L., Lane, T. W., Keeton, W. P., Hodges, V. K., & Behar, L. B. (1991). The Fort Bragg child and adolescent demonstration: Implementing and evaluating a continuum of care. In A. Algarin & R. M. Friedman (Eds.), A System of Care for Children's Mental Health: Building a Research Base. Tampa, FL: Florida Mental Health Institute.