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The Integrating and Segregating Effects of School Choice
Peabody Journal of Education, Issues of Leadership, Policy, and Organizations Vol. 84, No. 2
Cory Koedel, University of Missouri
Julian Betts, University of California, San Diego and National Bureau of Economic Research
Lorien A. Rice, Mills College
Andrew C. Zau, University of California, San Diego
ABSTRACT
We evaluate the integrating and segregating effects of three distinct school choice programs in San Diego. We go beyond the traditional question of racial integration and examine the integration of students by test scores, parental education levels, and language status. In addition to measuring the net integrative effects of school choice, we also examine the underlying motives behind student participation in school choice programs and the limiting influence of supply-side constraints. Two of the programs that we consider are rooted in 1970s integration-based reforms that provide public transportation for program participants. The third program is a state-mandated, open-enrollment program that requires participants to find their own transportation to and from their choice schools. We find that the two programs with underlying integrative objectives do indeed integrate the district, but the open-enrollment program segregates the district along most dimensions. Provision of busing and geographic preferences appear to be important factors in promoting integration.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Cory Koedel is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Missouri - Columbia and a research affiliate at the National Center for Performance Incentives. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, San Diego in 2007. His current research focuses on outcome-based measures of teacher quality and school choice. In 2008, Dr. Koedel was awarded the Outstanding Dissertation Award in Education Policy (Division L) from the American Educational Research Association.
Julian Betts is Chair of the Department of Economics at the University of California, San Diego. He is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and an Adjunct Fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California. His research focuses on the economics of education, with emphases on school choice, teacher effectiveness, accountability and policy evaluation. He has served on various panels for the National Academy of Science and the U.S. Department of Education, among others. He is a member of the editorial board of Education Finance and Policy, published by MIT Press. Dr. Betts obtained a Bachelor's degree in chemistry from McGill University, the M.Phil. in economics from Oxford University, and a Ph.D. in economics from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Lorien A. Rice is an Assistant Professor in the Economics Department at Mills with research interests in education, poverty, transportation, and access to opportunity. Previously, she was a Research Fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California, and earlier in her career she worked at MDRC in New York. Dr. Rice also served as a Peace Corps volunteer, working as a socioeconomic planner for Morocco's national park service. She holds a B.A. in economics from Oberlin College, and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, San Diego.
Andrew C. Zau is a senior statistician with the University of California, San Diego. His current research focuses on the determinants of student achievement in the San Diego Unified School District. He holds a B.S. in bioengineering from the University of California, San Diego, and an M.P.H. in epidemiology from San Diego State University.